This study investigates the role of fiscal policy in stabilising resource-rich economies vulnerable to external commodity shocks, with a specific focus on Mongolia. We analyse the effects of various external commodity shocks on Mongolia’s economy and find that fiscal policy’s responses to these shocks have been counter-cyclical. Additionally, we construct policy counterfactuals to examine the insulating role of fiscal policy on real domestic output. The findings reveal that counter-cyclical fiscal measures, particularly government expenditure, and to a lesser extent, government revenue, played an important role in Mongolia’s response to external commodity shocks.